Family Orchidaceae Subfamily Epidendroideae Tribe Vandeae Subtribe Aeridinae
Aeridinae Pfitzer, Entw. Nat. A nord. Orchid., 106 (1887), as 'Aerideae'. Type genus: Anides Lour.
Synonyms:
- Deceptorinae Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. Suppl. 3 (1995) 88. Type genus: Deceptor Seidenf.
- Diplocentrinae Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. Suppl. (1995) 390. Type: Diplocentrum Lindl.
- Gascrochilinae Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. Suppl. 3 (1995) 89. Type genus: Gastrochilus D.Don.
- Pelatantheriinae Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. Suppl. 3 (1995) 90. Type genus: Pelatantheria Ridl.
- Phalaenopsidinae Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. Suppl. 3 (1995) 89. Type genus: Phalaenopsis Blume.
- Sarcanthinae Benth., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 18 (1881) 288 (as 'Sarcantheae'), nom. illeg. Type genus: Sarcanthus Lindl.
- Taeniophyllinae Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot. Suppl. 3 (1995) 91. Type: Taeniophyllum Blume.
- Vandinae Rchb.f., Ic. FI. Germ,. Helv. 13 & 14 (1851) IX (as 'Euvandeae'), nom. invalid.
Epiphytes, lithophytes, or rarely terrestrials, monopodial, herbaceous. Stems few- to many-leaved. Leaves usuallydistichous, rarely secund or quaquaversal, conduplicate; leaf sheath present, glabrous. lnflorescence lateral, racemose or paniculate, sometimes 1-flowered. Flowers resupinate or not, ephemeral to long-lasting, distichous, secund or quaquaversal. Ovary and pedicel terete or 6-ribbed, glabrous or rarely pubescent. Sepals entire, free or rarely connate. Petals entire, free or rarely adnate to the sepals. Lip free, rigidly attached or hinged to the column or column foot, entire or lobed, with or without keels and/or calli, with or without a spur. Column usually without apical stelidia; column foot present or not; anther helmet-shaped, 2-locular; pollinia hard-waxy, 2 or 4, when 2 often partially slit or porate, when 4 often arranged in 2 bodies and those of a pair often unequal; with or without caudicles; tegular stipe present; viscidium present, sometimes with complex shape; stigma concave, rarely with raised margins; rostellum beak-like or not, 2-dentate. Fruit subspherical to oblong to narrowly cylindrical, 1-locular, smooth or 6-ribbed, rarely winged.
(after Schuiteman 2014)
Subtribe Aeridinae contains 83 genera with about 1550 species, distributed from tropical and southeastern Africa (2 species in Acampe and Taeniophylum). Madagascar (Acampe), India and Sri Lanka throughout tropical Asia and the Pacific region, north to Japan, east to Tahiti, south to New Zealand.
- Bentham, G. Notes on Orchideae. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 18 (1881) 281-360.
- Carlsward, B.S., Whitten, W.M., Williams, N.H., & Bytebier, B. Molecular phylogeny of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the evolution of leaflessness. American Journal of Botany 93 (2006) 770-786.
- Chase, M.W., Cameron, K.M., Barrett, R.L., and Freudenstein, J.V. DNA data and Orchidaceae systematics: a new phylogenetic classification. In Orchid conservation (ed. K.W. Dixon, S.P. Keil, R.L. Barrett, and P.J. Cribb) (2003) 69-89.
- Christenson, E.A. An historical review of Saccolabium (Orchidaceae) and excluded species.Kew Bulletin, 41 (1986) 833-853.
- Christenson, E.A. The taxonomy of Aerides and related genera. In Proceedings of the 12th World Orchid Conference (ed. K. Saito and R. Tanaka) (1987) 35--40.
- Christenson, E.A. Taxonomy of the Aeridinae with an infrageneric classification of Vanda Jones ex R.Br. In Proceedings of the 14th World Orchid Coeference (ed. A.M. Pridgeon) (1994) 206-16.
- Christenson, E.A. Phalaenopsis
- Dressler, R.L. The orchids: natural history and classification (1981).
- Dressler, R.L. Phylogeny and classiftcation of the orchid family (1993).
- Fan,, J., Qin, H.N., Li, D.Z., & Jin, X.H. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Holcoglossum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae) based on nuclear ITS and chloroplast tmL-F and matK. Taxon 58 (2009) 849-861.
- Garay, L. A. On the systematics of the monopodial orchids I. Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University 23 (1972) 149-212.
- Garay, L. A. On the systematics of the monopodial orchids II. Botanical Musem Leaflets, Harvard University 23 (1974) 369-376.
- Gardiner, L. M. New combinations in the genus Vanda (Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa, 61 (2012) 47-54.
- Gardiner, L.M., Kocyan, A., Motes, M., Roberts, D.L., & Emerson, B.C. Phylogenetic patterns in the genus Vanda and related genera (Orchidaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 173 (2013) 549-572.
- Holttum, R. E. Evolutionary trends in the Sarcanthine orchids. In Proceedings of the 2nd World Orchid Conference (ed. G. W. Dillon) (1958) 40-48.
- Kocyan, A. and Schuiteman, A. New combinations in Aeridinae. Phytotaxa 161, 1 (2013) 061–085.
- Kocyan, A., de Vogel, E.F., Conti, E., & Gravendeel, B. Molecular phylogeny of Aerides (Orchidaceae) based on 1 nuclear and 2 plastid markers: a step forward in understanding the evolution of the Aeridinae. Molecular Pbylogenetics and Evolution, 48 (2008) 422-443.
- Liu, Z.J., Chen, L.J., Chen, S.C., Cai, J., Tsai, W.C., Hsiao, Y.Y, Rao, W.H., Ma, X.Y, & Zhang, G.Q. Paraholcoglossum and Tsiorchis, 2 new orchid genera established by molecular and morphological analyses of the Holcoglossum alliance. PLoS ONE 6(10) (2011) e24864. doi: 10.137/journal.pone.0024864
- Padolina, J., Lindner, C.R., and Simpson, B.B. A phylogeny of Phalaenopsis using multiple chloroplast markers. Selbyana 26 (2005) 23-27.
- Pedersen, H. AE. The genus Pteroceras (Orchidaceae)-a taxonomic revision. Opera Botanica, 117 (1993) 5-61.
- Pfitzer, E. Entwurf einer natürlichen Anordnung der Orchideen (1887).
- Reichenbach, H.G. Die Orchideen. In Klotzsch, F., Beiträge zu einer Aequinoctialflor Amerika's. Linnaea 22 (1849) 809-858.
- Schlechter, R. Das System der Orchidaceen. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 9 (1926) 563-591.
- Schuiteman, A. Subtribe Aeridinae. In Pridgeon, A.M., P.J. Cribb, M.W. Chase & F.N. Rasmussen (edit.), Genera Orchidacearum Vol. 6, Epidendroideae (Part Three) (2014) 122.
- Seidenfaden, G. Orchid genera in Thailand XIV: fifty-nine vandoid genera. Opera Botanica, 95 (1988) 1-398.
- Senghas, K. 50. Subtribus: Aëridinae ('Sarcanthinae'). In Rudo!f Schlechter Die Orchideen (edit. F.G. Brieger, R. Maatsch & K. Senghas). 3rd ed. (1988-1990) 1131-1422.
- Smith, J.J. Artificial key to the orchid genera. Blumea 1 (1934) 194-215.
- Szlachetko, D.L. Systema orchidalium. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica Supplement 3 (1995) 1-152.
- Topik, H., Yukawa, T., and lto, M. Molecular phylogenetics of subtribe Aeridinae (Orchidaceae): insights from plastid matK and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. Journal ef Plant ReJearch 118 (2005) 271-84.
- Topik, H., Yukawa, T., and lto, M. Evolutionary analysis of pollinaria morphology of subtribe Aeridinae (Orchidaceae). Reinwardtia 12 (2006) 223-235.
- Tsai, C.C., Huang, S.C., and Chou, C.H. Molecular phylogeny of Phalaenopsis Blume (Orchidaceae) based on the internal transcribed spacer of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Plant Systematics and Evolution 256 (2006) 1-16.
- WCSP (2012). 'World Checklist of Selected Plant Families'. Facilitated by the Royal Botanie Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://apps.kew.orgl wcsp/. Retrieved 10-10-2012.
- Family Orchidaceae
- Subfamily Epidendroideae
- Tribe Vandeae
- Subtribe Aeridinae
Subtribe Aeridinae in New Guinea contains 28 genera:
Adenoncos
Aerides
Bogoria
Brachypeza
Calymmanthera
Calymnanthera
Cleisostoma
Dimorphorchis
Dryadorchis
Gunnarella
Hymenorchis
Luisia
Micropera
Phalaenopsis
Pomatocalpa
Renanthera
Rhinerrhizopsis
Robiquetia
Saccolabiopsis
Sarcanthopsis
Sarcochilus
Schoenorchis
Taeniophyllum
Trachoma
Thrixspermum
Trichoglottis
Vanda
Vandopsis
ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE SUBTRIBE AERIDINAE IN NEW GUINEA
1a. Leaves terete or semi-terete in cross section== 2
1b. Leaves dorsoventrally or bilaterally flattened, or plant leafless == 4
2a. Leaves terete in cross section == Luisia
2b. Leaves semi-terete in cross section == 3
3a. Lip (without the spur) longer than the median sepal. Spur inside without ornament on the back wall. Pollinia 4, the 2 of a pair unequal in size == Schoenorchis
3b. Lip (without the spur) as long as or shorter than the median sepal. Spur with a callus or ridge inside on the back wall. Pollinia 2, or 4 and the 2 of a pair about equal in size == Cleisostoma
4a. Lip without a spur, not deeply saccate (a spur-like but solid projection may be present) == 5
4b. Lip with a hollow spur or lip deeply saccate == 52 23
5a. Column without a column foot. Lip immobile attached to the column == 6
5b. Column with a distinct column foot, or lip hinged with the column and mobile == 10
6a. Lip at the base with a thin, tongue-like lamella == Trichoglottis
6b. Lip at the base without lamella == 7
7a. Plants with finely wrinkled leaf sheaths. Inflorescence with hardly developed peduncle, 1-6-flowered, not branched. Flowers uniformly (yellowish) green or whitish == Adenoncos
7b. Plants with smooth leaf sheaths. Inflorescence with well-developed peduncle, branchd or not, 6- to many-flowered. Flowers variably coloured == 8
8a. Lip not bent above the base, widest across the midlobe == Vanda
8b. Lip knee-like bent near the middle, widest across the lateral lobes == 9
9a. Lip with an oblong, longitudinal callus between the lateral lobes. Flowers less than 3 cm across == Sarcanthopsis
9b Lip with a transverse ridge or longitudinal ridges between the lateral lobes. Flowers more than 4 cm across == Vandopsis
10a. Plant leafless or plant with few leaves which are not strap-shaped == 11
10b. Stem with several to many, well-spaced leaves, or leaves strap-shaped == 19
11a. Basal part of the lip much swollen, resembling a solid spur == 12
11b. Basal part of the lip not much swollen, not resembling a solid spur == 14
12a. Lip not hinged with the column foot, not mobile == Thrixspermum
12b. Lip hinged with the column foot, mobile == 13
13a. Column foot much shorter than the column == Dryadorchis
13b. Column foot as long as or longer than the column == Sarcochilus
14a. Lip not hinged with the column foot, not mobile, or, if the lip is mobile, the column has no column foot == 15
14b. Lip hinged with the column foot, mobile == 16
15a. lnflorescence dense or rarely lax. Floral bracts arranged in 2 ranks or quaquaversal. Column just longer than wide, without constriction below the stigma == Thrixspermum
15b. lnflorescence lax. Flora! bracts quaquaversal. Column distinctly longer than wide, or, if not, with a distinct lateral constriction below the stigma (column pandurate in front view) == Phalaenopsis
16a. Lip with a raised callus just below the midlobe. Sepals and petals elliptic to spatulate, with obtuse apex == 17
16b. Lip without callus or with 1 or 2 small calli, and then the sepals and petals are linear with an acuminate apex == 18
17a. Column foot half as long as the column. Midlobe of the lip connected to the lateral lobes by a pair of lamellae == Sarcochilus
17b. Column foot as long as or longer than the column. Midlobe of the lip not connected to the lateral lobes by a pair of lamellae == Sarcochilus
18a. Sepals and petals linear, with acuminate apex. Anther extended at the back, covering the median side of column. Pollinia subequal == Calymnanthera
18b. Sepals and petals ovate to linear, with obtuse apex. Anther not extended at the back. Pollinia distinctly unequal == Gunnarella
19a. Column foot inconspicuous or absent == Dimorphorchis
19b. Column foot conspicuous == 20
20a. Lip not hinged with the column foot, not mobile == Thrixspermum
20b. Lip hinged with the column foot, mobile == 21
21a. Lip with a large, raised callus just below the midlobe. Sepals and petals elliptic to spatulate, with an obtuse apex == Sarcochilus
21b. Lip without callus or with 1 or 2 small calli and then the sepals and petals are linear with an acuminate apex == 22
22a. Sepals and petals linear, acuminate; anther extended at the back, covering median side of column; pollinia 4 in 2 almost equal pairs == Calymmanthera
22b. Sepals and petals ovate to linear, obtuse; anther not extended at the back; pollinia 4 in 2 highly unequal pairs == Gunnarella
23a. Stem much shorter than the leaves (sometimes leafless) == 24
23b. Stem much longer than the leaves, which are always present == 63
24a. Plant without leaves == Taeniophyllum
24a. Plant with leaves == 25
25a. Margins of petals, and usually also of the leaves serrate == Hymenorchis
25b. Petals with smooth or irregularly erose margins; leaves with smooth margins == 26
26a. Pedicel arising on rachis from a longitudinal concavity delimited by sharp edges == 27
26b. Rachis without sharply delimited concavities, or concavities with smooth, swollen edges == 30
27a. Column with a distinct column foot about as long as the column or longer == 28
27b. Column foot absent or much shorter than the column == Trachoma
29a. Lip not mobile, rigidly attached to the column foot. Bogoria
29b. Lip mobile, hinged with the column foot == Rhinerrhizopsis
30a. Column with a distinct column foot at least half as long as the column, or lip mobile == 31
30b. Column foot absent or less than half as long as the column, lip rigidly attached == 53
31a. Inflorescence producing flowers in succession, 1 or a few at a time == 32
31b. Inflorescence with all or most flowers opening simultaneously == 34
32a. Lip mobile == Brachypeza
32b. Lip rigidly attached == 33
33a. Inf!orescence with floral bracts arranged in 2 ranks or quaquaversal; column just longer than wide, without a dis- tinct Iateral constriction below stigma == Thrixspermum
33b. Inflorescence with quaquaversal f!oral bracts; column longer than wide, or, if shorter, with a distinct consttic tion below stigma (column pandurate in front view) == Phalaenopsis
34a. Lip articulate with the column foot == Sarcochilus
34b. Lip not articulate with the column foot == Phalaenopsis
53a. Mouth of the spur or sac mostly closed by 1 or 2 calli == 54
53a. Mouth of the spur or sac unobstructed == 58
54a. Interior of the back wall of the spur with an obliquely erect lamella or an uncinate callus == 55
54b. Interior of the back wall of the spur with a thick, cushion-shaped callus == 56
55a. Interior of the back wall of the spur with an obliquely erect lamella inserted well inside the spur == Pomatocalpa
55b. Interior of the back wall of the spur with an uncinate callus inserted near the mouth == Robiquetia
56. Spur on the back wall with a thick, cushion-shaped callus == Cleisostoma
56. Interior of the back wall of the spur without a callus == 57
57a. Leaves linear; column foot absent or indistinct == Vanda
57b. Leaves elliptic; column foot well-developed == Phalaenopsis
58a. 91. Sepals and petals connate at the base == Taeniophyllum
58b. Sepals and petals free == 59
59a. Lip (without the spur) langer than the median sepal; rostellum 2-furcate, abruptly curved upwards, often surpassing anther; pollinia 4 == Schoenorchis
59a. Lip (without the spur) as long as or shorter than the median sepal; rostellum entire or 2-dentate, not abruptly curved upwards, not surpassing anther; pollinia 2 or 4. == 60
60a. Interior of the back wall of the spur with an obliquely erect lamella == Pomatocalpa
60b. Interior of the back wall of the spur without lamellae == 61
61a. Leaves linear, strongly V-shaped in cross-section, not twisted at the base through 90°., == Vanda
61b. Leaves linear to elliptic, flat, usually twisted at the base through 90° == 62
62a. Pollinia 2, partly cleft or entire, or, if 4, rostellum with 2 cordate projections == Robiquetia
62b. Pollinia 4; rostellum projections not cordate == Saccolabiopsis
63a. Margins of petals serrate; leaf margins smooth or serrate == Hymenorchis
63b. Petals with smooth or irregular-erose margins; leaf mar- gins smooth == 64
64a. Inflorescence with flowers opening in succession, 1 or a few at a time == Trachoma
64b. Inflorescence with many flowers opening simultaneously == 65
65a. Interior of the spur mouth with 1 or 2 horizontal calli that largely obstruct entrance == 66
65b. Interior of the spur mouth without calli that largely obstruct enttance, but possibly with a thin lamella on the back wall or with calli lower down == 128
66a. Back wall of the spur inside without callus == 67
66a. Back wall of the spur inside with a callus == 68
67a. Plant often well over 1 m tall, sometimes shorter; mid lobe of the lip tooth-like; pollinia 4 == Micropera
67b. Plant less than 1 m tall; midlobe of the lip not tooth-like, sub
orbicular to flabellate, sometimes linear; pollinia 2 or 4 == Aerides
68a. Rostellum beak-like == Micropera
68b. Rostellum tooth-like == 69
69a. Inflorescence much shorter than the leaves; column often with a pair of stelidia == 126 Trichoglottis
69a. Inflorescence elongate, as long as or longer than the leaves; column without stelidia == 127 Cleisostoma
70a. Inflorescence with rachis shorter than pedicellate ovary, 1 - to many-flowered == 71
70b. Inflorescence with rachis longer than pedicellate ovary, 2- to many-flowered == 76
71a. Interior of the back wall of the spur with a callus or lamella == Trichoglottis
71a. Interior of the back wall of the spur without ornaments == 72
72a. Column with a column foot ==73
72b. Column without a column foot == 75
73a. Lip mobile == Sarcochilus
73b. Lip rigidly attached == 73
74a. Flowers opening in succession, 1 or a few at a time; pollinia 4 == Thrixspermum
74b. Flowers largely opening simultaneously; pollinia 2, cleft but not entirely so == Vanda
75a. Inflorescence shorter than 1 cm == TrichogJottis
75b. Inflorescence longer than 1 cm == Vanda
76a. Floral bracts bilaterally flattened, distichous == Thrixspermum
76b. Floral bracts dorsoventrally flattened, distichous or quaquaversal == 77
77a. Spur with a protruding larnella on interior of back wall. 78
77b. Spur without a lamella on int eriot of the back wall == 79
78a. Lamella inserted deep inside the spur, glabrous == Pomatocalpa
78b. Lamella inserted at the mouth of the spur, pubescent or glabrous == Trichoglottis
79a. Lip mobile == 144 Sarcochilus
79b. Lip rigidly attached.146 80
80a. 146. Pollinia 2, possibly partly but not entirely cleft == 81
80b. Pollinia 4 == 84
81a. Column with a column foot. == Aerides
81b. Column without a column foot == 82
82a. Column with a column foot to which the lateral sepals are attached == Aerides
82b. Column without a column foot == 83
83a. 153. Pollinia entire. Inflorescence with 3 or more branches == Renanthera (Porphyrodesme alliance)
83b. Pollinia cleft or, if entire, the inflorescence is not branched or has at most 1 or 2 branches only Robiquetia
84a. Lip (without the spur) slightly to much longer than the median sepal; rostellum 2-furcate, abruptly curved upwards, often surpassing anther == 158 Schoenorchis
84b. (without the spur) as long as or shorter or slightly longer than the median sepal; rostellum entire or 2-dentate, not abruptly curved upwards, not surpassing anther == 159. Renanthera
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