Genus Calanthe
Calanthe R.Br., Edwards's Bot Reg. (1821) sub t. 573
Synonyms:
- Genus Alismorchis Thouars, Hist. Orchid. (1822) Tabl. Esp. 1
- Genus Alismorkis Thouars, Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 19 (1809) 318
- Genus Amblyglottis Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 369
- Genus Aulostylis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1 (1912) 392
- Genus Calanthidium Pfitzer in Engl. & Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 2
- Genus Centrosis Thouars, Hist. Orchid. (1822) t. 35
- Genus Ghiesbreghtia A.Rich. & Galeotti, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot.
- Genus Limatodis Blume, Bijdr. (1825) 375
- Genus Paracalanthe Kudo, J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 2 (1930) 235
- Genus Preptanthe Rchb.f., Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 8 (1852-53) 245
- Genus Styloglossum Breda, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Asclep. (13) (1829) t. (7)
- Genus Zoduba Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. (1825) 30
Sympodial terrestrial or epiphytic plants with or without distinct rhizomes. Stem very short or rarely elongated, or with fat pseudobulbs consisting of one internode. Leaves few to several, spirally arranged or in two rows, sheathing at the base, glabrous or sometimes pubescent, plicate, deciduous or persistent, convolute, thin-textured. Inflorescence a lateral or basal, few- to many-flowered raceme. Flowers small to rather large, resupinate, often showy. Sepals free. Petals free, often fairly similar to the dorsal sepal, but sometimes rather different in shape. Lip adnate to the column along the entire length of the latter, usually with a distinct spur, rarely spur absent. Column-foot absent. Pollinia 8, solid, caudicles present, stipe absent, viscidium present.
Central America (one species), tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, throughout tropical Asia, China and Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Pacific islands, east to Tahiti. About 100 species; in New Guinea c. 45 species.
Mainly terrestrial in rain forest; also epiphytic on tree trunks and major branches or terrestrial in open grasslands. Found both in the lowlands and in the mountains.
- Subfamily Epidendroideae
- Tribe Undetermined
- Subtribe Collabiinae
- Genus Calanthe
- Thomas, S.1999. Calanthe section Rhodochilus (Orchidaceae) from New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and the Moluccas. Blumea 44: 25-36.
The often attractive flowers of this genus are almost always distinctly spurred. They are of a more delicate consistency than those of most orchids. Phaius and Cephalantheropsis (the latter not found in New Guinea) are related genera. In those genera all parts of the plant (including the flowers) turn bluish when bruised. Some species in New Guinea formerly accomodated in Calanthe deviate considerably from the forms of Calanthe commonly seen in cultivation, e.g. Calanthe caulescens, Calanthe rhodochila and Calanthe versteegii, they were recently accomodated in the genus Styloglossum . The last mentioned is so unusual that it was even described as a member of the genus Giulianettia (now included in Glomera).
The following sections accommodate the New Guinea species of Calanthe:
Aceratochilus - plants with very short stems, lip not spurred, not or weakly lobed, with deciduous floral bracts.
Calanthe - plants with very short stems, lip spurred, usually distinctly lobed, with persistent floral bracts.
. Preptanthe - plants with large, exposed pseudobulbs and deciduous leaves, lip spurred.
Genus Calanthe in New Guinea contains 45 species and 1 variety:
Calanthe aceras
Calanthe arfakana
Calanthe aruank
Calanthe beleensis
Calanthe bicalcarata
Calanthe bicalcarata var. depressa
Calanthe bivalvis
Calanthe brassii
Calanthe camptoceras
Calanthe chrysoleuca
Calanthe coiloglossa
Calanthe claytonii
Calanthe coiloglossa
Calanthe crispifolia
Calanthe cremeoviridis
Calanthe curvato-ascendens
Calanthe daymanensis
Calanthe devogelii
Calanthe engleriana
Calanthe flava
Calanthe finisterrae
Calanthe fissa
Calanthe fragrans
Calanthe geelvinkensis
goodenoughiana
Calanthe kaniensis
Calanthe labellicauda
Calanthe ligo
Calanthe micrantha
Calanthe muelleri
Calanthe papuana
Calanthe parvilabris
Calanthe poiformis
Calanthe polyantha
Calanthe pullei
Calanthe reflexilabris
Calanthe spathoglottoides
Calanthe takeuchii
Calanthe torricellensis
Calanthe triplicata
Calanthe truncata
Calanthe vestita
Calanthe villosa
Calanthe werneri
Calanthe womersleyi
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Genus Calanthe
Calanthe aceras Schltr., flowers, photo T. M. Reeve, based on Reeve 2133
Genus Calanthe
Calanthe arfakana J.J.Sm., photo G. Stocker
Genus Calanthe
Calanthe leucosceptrum Schltr., in situ, photo T. M. Reeve, based on Reeve 5254
Genus Calanthe
Calanthe micrantha Schltr., inflorescence, photo N.E.G. Cruttwell, based on Cruttwell (2/83, PNG, Mt. Gahavisuka)
Genus Calanthe
Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames, inflorescence, photo J. Meijvogel, Leiden cult. 28004, from Java
Genus Calanthe
Calanthe vestita Lindl., flower, photo T. M. Reeve, based on Reeve PNGH 702
Genus Calanthe
Calanthe triplicata (Willemet) Ames, drawing N.H.S. Howcroft 95, based on Howcroft cult., from Bulolo
Genus Calanthe
Calanthe cremeoviridis J.J.Wood, drawing N.H.S. Howcroft 94, based on Howcroft cult., from Bulolo